Surveying
Surveying
Surveying is the of determining the relative position of points on, above or beneath surface of earth by means of direct sand indirect measurements of distance, direction and elevation.
Various methods of measuring the distance directly are
1) Placing
The distance is measured by counting the number of places and then multiply by the distance of one pace. This is rough method.
2) Passometer
Passometer is an instrument shaped like a watch and carried in pocket or attached to one leg. The instrument registers the number of places.
3) Pedometer
This is the modified version of Passometer whereby adjusting for the length of pace, direct reading of the distance can be registered.
4) Odometer and speedometer
odometer registers the number of revolutions of a wheel. If a wheel is rolled along the line for which distance is to be recorded, by incorporating odometer the distance can be known, or a speedometer, just as in car , can be used to measure the distance.
Basic principles of surveying
1) Locating a point on the surface of the earth , at least by two reference points.
2) Working from whole to the part. In this system first of all a system of control points are fixed with great precision. Minor control points are fixed with less precision.
General classification of survey
1) Accoding to instrument used
a) chain survey
b) compass survey
c) plane table survey
d) theodolite survey etc
2) According to the purpose of survey
a) mine survey to explore the mineral wealth.
b) Geological survey to determine different strata in the earth's crust.
c) Archaeological survey to trace customs of relics of the past.
d) Military survey to determine points of strategic importance.
3) According to the method employed
a) Triangulation survey
b) Transverse survey
c) Trigonometrical survey
d) Aerial survey
4) According to place of work
a) Land survey for objects on earth's surface.
b) Hydrographical or Marine survey for objects under water.
c) Aerial survey by aeroplane in air.
Surveying is the of determining the relative position of points on, above or beneath surface of earth by means of direct sand indirect measurements of distance, direction and elevation.
Various methods of measuring the distance directly are
1) Placing
The distance is measured by counting the number of places and then multiply by the distance of one pace. This is rough method.
2) Passometer
Passometer is an instrument shaped like a watch and carried in pocket or attached to one leg. The instrument registers the number of places.
3) Pedometer
This is the modified version of Passometer whereby adjusting for the length of pace, direct reading of the distance can be registered.
4) Odometer and speedometer
odometer registers the number of revolutions of a wheel. If a wheel is rolled along the line for which distance is to be recorded, by incorporating odometer the distance can be known, or a speedometer, just as in car , can be used to measure the distance.
Basic principles of surveying
1) Locating a point on the surface of the earth , at least by two reference points.
2) Working from whole to the part. In this system first of all a system of control points are fixed with great precision. Minor control points are fixed with less precision.
General classification of survey
1) Accoding to instrument used
a) chain survey
b) compass survey
c) plane table survey
d) theodolite survey etc
2) According to the purpose of survey
a) mine survey to explore the mineral wealth.
b) Geological survey to determine different strata in the earth's crust.
c) Archaeological survey to trace customs of relics of the past.
d) Military survey to determine points of strategic importance.
3) According to the method employed
a) Triangulation survey
b) Transverse survey
c) Trigonometrical survey
d) Aerial survey
4) According to place of work
a) Land survey for objects on earth's surface.
b) Hydrographical or Marine survey for objects under water.
c) Aerial survey by aeroplane in air.
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